As a starting point I would like to address what the Constitution Ineffabilis Deus of December 8th 1854 from Pope Leo IX states. This was what defined the Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. It pronounced and defined that the Blessed Virgin Mary "in the first instance of her conception, by a singular privilege and grace granted by God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race, was preserved exempt from all stain of original sin" Holweck, F. (1910). This is about Mary been conceived with out the stain of original sin. Ok, so this did not start until the 19th centenary. How can a church change its doctrine or core its beliefs. The easy answer is that it can not. The full truth was given to the church at time of Christ’s death. There has been no new revelation given. So when did Catholics start to believe in the Immaculate Conception? We can look into this and also address where in scripture we can see references to the possibility of an Immaculate Conception.
I would like to point out just one reference that would show that Catholics did not make this doctrine in the 19th century. We can look back 400 years eairler to the year 1484 When St Beatrice de Silva Menesses founded the order of Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. One of the requirements of this order was to wear the Scapular of the Immaculate Conception beneath there habits. Again in 1583 the Venerable Servant of God founded the Congregation of Oblates of the Immaculate Conception. This order then developed the Blue Scapular after Sister Ursula received a vision of the Blessed Mother (Marians of the Immaculate Conception. 2008). So we can find evidence of this teaching much earlier the 1854.
We can also look at the writings of the early Church Fathers. I will start with St Ephraim from his Nisibene Hymns These were written about 370 A.D. [27,8] “You alone and Your Mother are more beautiful then any others; For there is no blemish in you, nor any stains upon your Mother. Who of my children can compare in beauty to these (Jurgens Vol. 1, 1970)? By stating that there are no blemishes on Mary, St Ephraim is stating that she had no sin. Who else stated that Mary had no sin? We can look at St Ambrose of Milan’s Commentary on Psalm 118; 397-399A.D. Here we find St Ambrose saying “Come, then, and search out Your sheep, not through Your servant or hired men, but do it Yourself. Lift me up bodily and in the flesh, which is fallen in Adam. Lift me up not from Sara but from Mary, a virgin not only undefiled but a virgin whom grace has made inviolate, free of every stain of sin (Jurgens Vol.2, 1970).
When we look into scripture we can find inferences to the fact that Mary was with out sin. To start we can look at the Gospel of Luke. Here we find the passages of the announcement to Mary. It states; ”And in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God into a city of Galilee, called Nazareth, To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David: and the virgin's name was Mary. And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. Who having heard, was troubled at his saying and thought with herself what manner of salutation this should be. And the angel said to her: Fear not, Mary, for thou hast found grace with God. Behold thou shalt conceive in thy womb and shalt bring forth a son: and thou shalt call his name Jesus. He shall be great and shall be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of David his father: and he shall reign in the house of Jacob for ever. And of his kingdom there shall be no end. And Mary said to the angel: How shall this be done, because I know not man? And the angel answering, said to her: The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee. And therefore also the Holy which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. And behold thy cousin Elizabeth, she also hath conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her that is called barren. Because no word shall be impossible with God. And Mary said: Behold the handmaid of the Lord: be it done to me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her.” (Luke 1:26-28 Douay-Rheims). The question to ask here is how someone is “full of grace”, if they are in a state of sin? We can not be in a state of grace if we have sin on our soul. The only way to achieve this is either through baptism or the sacrament of reconciliation or confession. Mary received neither of these prior to Jesus enacting these sacraments. The only way to be free of sin at that time was by a special grace from God. This grace was given to Mary at the time of her conception (which occurred in the normal fashion) so she could become the Ark of the Covenant carrying God’s Word.
This is just a start of this discussion it will need to be added to in the future. Again please ask any questions or make any additions to this. I will address them as they are posted.
Holweck, F. (1910). Immaculate Conception. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved April 12, 2009 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674d.htm
Marians of the Immaculate Conception. (2008). The Blue Scapular and the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception. National Shrine of the Divine Mercy, Stockbridge, MA.
Jurgens, W.A. (1970). The Faith of the Early Fathers Volume 1. MN: The Liturgical Press.
Jurgens, W.A. (1970). The Faith of the Early Fathers Volume 2. MN: The Liturgical Press.
Jurgens, W.A. (1970). The Faith of the Early Fathers Volume 3. MN: The Liturgical Press.
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